DIARIES & MEMOIRS: COUNTRIES A-Z, Exclusive to COTW, Reflections

Beyond

One of the aspects of an entity having an identity is being able to express it by a code. Whether it liberates or binds its actions is left to perspective. When declaring an entity as identical to another, we are satisfied at evaluating whether one is a replication of the other, but this is seldom sufficient to capture such replication. Idempotence can now step in to eradicate the doubts of variations when we often replay past interactions between entities in angst, asking whether their outcome would be the same. A singular entity should be comprehensible via its expression of Indivisibility, Oneness and Unity. These form such a wonderful trinity where taking the first two together form the pillars of individuality, whereas the third is the expression of a grand final state leagues beyond individuality alone, yet maintaining continuity with everything that comes before.

Such strong forces, each of these attributes describe. When applied to a person, they express themselves as questions. Questions that some might try answering for themselves, over an entire lifetime, only never to reach the semblance of an answer. Some might be tempted to avoid them all together, only to encounter other similar forces forming a boundary that feels almost pre-determined. Whether resulting from external engulfment or emerging from internal undertaking, we cannot escape entification. 

If a country is to be taken as an idealized result of the entification of a People; and a culture, the result of a shared history, the former would have you be one among and the latter would prod you to be one alike. 

However, for a Person, when such questions and forces assert their influence as we endure that endeavor to attain the magnum opus that is Unity, the result is a void that rationality alone cannot diminish.

What comes beyond rationality? Is there, or should there even be such a way of enacting, where it is not rationale alone that drives our actions to fruition? How should one act when the greatest tool that one possesses does not work?

Yet introspecting on such a thought is unmistakably human. The perspective of Humanism so cleanly captures the interactions that drive results when one inevitably finds oneself in the void. We act nevertheless. We act surpassing uncertainty. We act scared, hopeless and trembling in the darkness. We Act.

That is what I have learnt after acting to flood the embedded void within, after leaving my home country and venturing beyond what seems to be —seas, identities, countries and finally Peoples. 

Beyond historical, cultural, socio-economic and political… 

Beyond rational, natural, visceral and real…

There exists us, The Human. 

Sandeep Satish Budhya, Child of The World

Canada, Collapse chats & diaries, Ecology of the absurd, Exclusive to COTW, Reflections

The poetics of Collapse: a new way of expressing our predicament; #1, 1.5 degrees is more than you think, and warming is accelerating

HIGHLIGHTS

1. We have practically reached 1.5 degrees of warming already.

2. How can you prepare for a 60 degree heat event? Would you even survive?

3. Your wife or husband may leave you for someone who can keep cooler for longer.

4. Your hypocrisy will feel intolerable, almost to the point of suicide.

5. One day you will scrabble around in the soil as you finally realize what is happening, looking for something cool and reasonable to reassure you.

My dear, dear reader.

Let us discuss the contemporary human predicament, and for now, let us just focus on climate. Moreover, I just want to focus on the 1.5 degree warming limit aimed for by the so-called Paris Agreement. (There was an agreement. It was in Paris. But that is all you need to know. It was useless in curbing the climate catastrophe to any significant degree.)

Some responsible scientists note that we have practically reached 1.5 degrees of warming already, now, in 2026. For example Tad Patzek, Kevin Anderson, Bill McGuire and James Hansen. The conservative consensus of the politically-driven IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) of the United Nations, has proclaimed that 1.5 degrees can only be declared after it has been averaged over 20 years. However, since man-made climate change is probably accelerating (research the scientists above), by the time the 1.5 degree average is declared by the IPCC, global warming will have reached nearer 2 degrees, year on year. And by the time 2 degrees of average global warming is declared, it will actually be nearer 3 degrees, and so on. Do not be lulled into a deathly sleep by the IPCC and the self-serving politicians served by them.

How old will you be in 20 years? It would be prudent to imagine the likely 2 degrees of warming in 2045 and its potential impacts on your life, and it would be prudent to start to prepare now for those impacts, for they will not be slight. Averages of global warming are primarily given for the planet as a whole, but warming over land (where humans live) is always higher than the land-ocean average. A conservative estimate is that 2 degrees of global warming translates to at least 3 degrees of warming over land. Moreover, this warming is not evenly distributed, even over land. Both Europe (where I am from) and Canada (where I live) are warming twice as fast as the global average. So, if you live in these places, (and some select other places) imagine an average of 6 degrees of warming over land, in 2045 (a very reasonable scenario, all things considered). But it gets worse. The bell curve of statistically probable temperatures is shifting towards the hotter end of the spectrum as a whole: this means that rare heat extremes which, for example, due to the current Super El Niño, in Europe are now spiking to around 40 degrees, from an average June high of around 30 degrees, will be several degrees hotter than today. Moreover, as baseline global warming increases, scientists are observing that temperature spikes are increasingly exponentially. So the famous temperature spike of 25 degrees-above-average in Lytton, British Columbia, during the North American heat dome of June 2021, taking the temperature to 49 degrees, if mirrored in 2045 (from a baseline average of 30, instead of 24) could result in an exponentially bigger spike of, for example, 30 degrees, resulting in a 60 degree temperature event. This is not unreasonable conjecture, but is within the likely range of scenarios. Even 55 degrees would be catastrophic enough, I am sure you agree.

How can you prepare for a 60 degree heat event? Would you even survive? Maybe you would if it happened now, but how about when you are twenty years older? And what about your children?

No amount of reasoning can help us now. All I can appeal to, is your greed, and your fear (my greed, my fear) and Heaven help us, our sense of poetry. Centre of the Web is a global platform, but since its readers are so far mostly from so-called developed countries, I aim this post mainly at you.

You will crave after those fond memories of swims in lakes with your family, followed by ice-creams and board games. You will feel compelled to swim in lakes in all seasons, to somehow make yourself tough enough (though you will not really understand why you are doing this), and the board games you play will tend towards the kind that attempt to teach survival skills.

You will, pathetically, be more and more proud of the less and less valuable things you own, and become impressively more strategic in how you plan to sell them. Many of your cutting edge gadgets will cease to function in 50 degrees of heat, as will your shares in the companies that produce such gadgets.

Your wife or husband may leave you for someone who can keep cooler for longer. You must understand, times will become desperate; it is for the sake of your children.

Your liberal-left attitudes towards immigration will harden into hard right attitudes, as the Global South capitalizes on the acclerated warming in the North, engaging in long, drawn-out economic hit-and-runs. Unconsciously, you will sympathize with the raiders. Your hypocrisy will feel intolerable, almost to the point of suicide (and for some, to the point of suicide).

Even when things become hellish, you will attempt to continue with your daily routine, as if nothing extraordinary is happening. You will keep going to the gym despite the extravagent expense and its drain on electricity, and the smashing of gym equipment by local activists. Only the neonazis taking over will finally convince you to renounce your membership. You will only be mildly surprised when your clubcard membership to various other outlets suddenly becomes null and void, on account of the mass bankruptcy of those outlets, due to heat-induced supply chain failures.

Finally, you will be upset, very upset, when your favourite butterfly suddenly goes extinct, in the space of a single season. At this, and only this, you will cry your eyes out….One day you will scrabble around in the soil as you finally realize what is happening, looking for something cool and reasonable to reassure you, to grab onto. You will unearth only an odd piece of plastic, and you will stare at it for an eternity, expressing perfectly how powerless and divorced from nature you feel…

Of course, if you somehow manage to change direction in your life, in an extraordinary way, before all of this unfolds, and if enough other people do the same, a small percentage of these kinds of outcomes may be partly avoidable or subvertable into a less dark kind of poetics, as represented in your thoughts, the stories you tell to yourself and your friends, the posts you post on decrepit social media platforms, and so on. I wish this for you, more than anything in the world. I really, really do.

*******

#WriteCollapse #写社会崩溃 #붕괴에대해쓰다

My name is Matthew Azuley, and I am the founding editor of Centre of the Web. I am also the editor of the globally diverse anthology Climate Collapse? Calls to Action from Around the World, published by Arkbound in the UK.

Featured blogs, sites & lit works, Germany, Popular & established authors, Reflections

Incapable of acting in war: without leverage, there is no power (extracts from an upcoming book by Tadzio Mueller: #3)

Republished with permission from the blog of Tadzio Mueller, Peaceful Sabotage

Note: continuing from the last extract from Tadzio`s upcoming book published on COTW here, this is the second part of the latest introduction. Tadzio is happy to receive feedback from activists all over the world. Visit his website for more details.

Incapable of action in war: no movement without leverage

Seattle changed me: before, I saw my likely career path in some more or less progressive UN institution—perhaps in some environmental department of the World Bank, or in one of those small, left-leaning UN research institutes like UNRISD—but afterward, I knew that my political future lay in activism, in social movements. Everything else seemed like utter nonsense. What could be better than the experience I had in Seattle? What better response to major political anxieties than to build a social movement around and against them, within which we could then collectively and powerfully address the fear and the problem that triggered it?

The next political problem was not long in coming: during 2002, when I was living in England to write my dissertation on anti-capitalist activism at Sussex University, it became clear that the US empire, led by Dick Cheney and his glorified sock puppet George W. Bush, would attack Iraq without any legal or moral basis, and would be supported in this by the British poodle Tony Blair. I know that it has now become completely normal again to constantly see fighter jets and other military aircraft overhead, even in the privileged countries of the world, but at the beginning of the 2000s, after a good ten years of the “peace dividend”—the rather silly and hyper-privileged assumption in retrospect that after the end of the Cold War a kind of permanent global peace would prevail, that the Pax Americana would extend forever across the entire world—it was deeply frightening to live in a country that, together with the global bully hegemon, was planning an illegal war of aggression that would result in bombers taking off from British Air Force bases ” to murder Iraqi children ,” as we somewhat polemically put it at the time. But the protests were of course not only about humanitarian concern for people in Iraq, however present that was: many of us in the British anti-war movement were driven by the fear of a world in which wars would once again become a perfectly normal form of enforcing imperial or even “national” interests – a world that we had been promised was over since 1989.

Anti-War Movement 2002-2003

Since Seattle, I had become an “activist” and experienced “limitless agency” through shared radical (disobedient, rule-breaking, even confrontational) street activism, so the reaction to the looming war, which was simultaneously a kind of moral bankruptcy for the victorious side in the Cold War – the “new world order” apparently wasn’t so different from the old one, in which the rich, late-imperial societies of the global North simply take what they want and provide some kind of bullshit justification (just like in Iraq back then, and in Venezuela today) – was almost predetermined: let’s build an anti-war movement .

And so we did . But not all activism is successful, not every movement conveys heroic agency—on average, unfortunately, quite the opposite is true. “Activism” is a very particular kind of magic that can only unfold its full effect under very specific, and in most cases not truly predictable, conditions, and these conditions are usually not met. A key condition for success that was lacking in the British anti-war movement is the existence of leverage .

Sure, a collective mass of people on the streets is important and encouraging, and organizing a huge demonstration, or an action that successfully achieves its goal and (for example) blocks or peacefully sabotages something, is definitely a great feeling. But if these demonstrations or actions repeatedly come to nothing, if they don’t generate any expanding momentum in the sense of a constantly growing wave of mobilization, especially if what is being fought against eventually becomes irrevocably real: then the movement produces the exact opposite of the empowering experience that motivates people to become active as “activists” (or “organizers,” if the term “activist” has acquired too many negative connotations these days), to get involved in social movements. Then the movement feels just as lame as sitting around in the shrinking local grassroots organization of some political party, waiting at just after 10 p.m. for the secretary to correctly present the minutes from last week’s meeting. Even worse, since the promise of activism is precisely that of an almost explosive capacity for action, regardless of how long it actually takes to achieve political success, this very promise then becomes a problem, because while party work is deliberately designed for the long term, it is a major challenge for movements to survive the rigors of the political level and to secure their internal stability and resilience between peak mobilization phases: if movement work falters, the movement is often immediately threatened with extinction.

That’s exactly what happened to the British anti-war movement. While we achieved incredible mobilization successes in 2002, the year of war preparations, with local anti-war groups organizing themselves practically across the entire country and very, very clear majorities positioning themselves against an illegal war of aggression, we as a movement seemed to think that would be enough. Sure, there was a radical wing, to which our Sussex Action for Peace group also belonged, which repeatedly attracted attention with acts of civil disobedience, street blockades, and other forms of protest, but at its core, the strategy was the same one that the German climate movement would later rely on: large demonstrations and attention-grabbing actions were supposed to generate clear societal majorities for or against something, then the government would cave in, because alienating societal majorities should be a problem for a democratically elected government.

Leverage

But is it ? The statement sounds plausible at first, but consider the (then) British two-party system: if, realistically, the only choice is between Labour and the Tories, and the Tories are generally in favor of war, and Labour is pushing for this specific war, then “shifting public opinion” isn’t a viable tool because there were no effective electoral sanctions if Labour went to war. “Whatcha gonna do – vote for the effin’ Tories, ey?”

The whole sorry spectacle of a huge, well-organized movement without any real power reached its climax on February 15, 2003, when 1.5 million people, in the largest political demonstration in British history, laboriously and relentlessly wound their way through the streets of London: the outbreak of war was just weeks away, and the movement’s stated goal was to prevent it. At the same time, the Blair government had loudly and clearly signaled that it didn’t care about public opinion; it would definitely support the USA in this war, so crucial for human rights and democracy. This, in turn, meant that there was actually no reason at all for 1.5 million people to be in the streets, except for mutual reassurance. If we had used this boring demonstration, which never decided to, for example, sit down in the street and block London, or perhaps have a small party in front of 10 Downing Street, during which, and I’m just spitballing here , one could indeed have beautified the facade of the house in which an illegal imperialist war of aggression was being planned, then something could have been achieved.

But nobody sat down, nobody celebrated exuberantly with pyrotechnics in Downing Street, nobody decided to resort to any means other than friendly persuasion. And so it happened as it had to: we went to London, the demonstration was huge (and terribly quiet: England doesn’t really have a strong slogan-chanting culture, but to see 1.5 million people marching through the city virtually silently was quite oppressive), then we went back home, and nothing, absolutely nothing, had changed regarding the war plans. February 15, 2003, was the day I lost my last bit of respect for what we radical leftists disparagingly call “walking demonstrations,” and finally and completely dedicated myself to mass civil disobedience, to breaking the rules together for a good cause. ( A side note on the history of the movement : Roger Hallam, later co-founder of Extinction Rebellion and Just Stop Oil/Last Generation, was also at this demonstration, and his entirely correct insight that a government and/or society that will not listen may have to feel was formed there.)

A few weeks later, on Thursday, March 20, 2003, the war actually began. I remember it very clearly: we, a group of radical left-wing activists, drove to a ” last ditch” action at the Fairford Air Force Base, how we, along with others from the radical wing, tried to storm the base ( crazy idea : in retrospect, I’ve often wondered what would have happened if we had succeeded) to prevent bombers and the like from taking off. But what I remember most vividly is the feeling of utter powerlessness as I lay in a small ditch in front of a fence after a police officer pushed me back, and I saw the bombers taking off overhead, flying towards Baghdad, Kirkuk, and Mosul: I howled, screamed, and trembled with frustration and helplessness. That moment is seared into my memory, much like its opposite in Seattle: never again such powerless activism, I swore to myself back then…

Featured blogs, sites & lit works, Germany, Popular & established authors, Reflections

Movement Against Fear (extracts from the upcoming book: #2) by Tadzio Mueller

Republished with permission from the blog of Tadzio Mueller, Peaceful Sabotage

Note: this is an alternative opening to Tadzio`s upcoming book, after his first opening (published on COTW here) received some constructive feedback from his readers.

Introduction

Every human being has a basic instinct to help each other out.

It might not seem that way sometimes, but it’s true. If a hiker gets lost in the mountains, people will coordinate a search. When a train crashes, people will line up to give blood. When an earthquake levels a city, people all over the world will send emergency supplies. This is so fundamentally human that it’s found in every culture without exception.

Yes, there are assholes who just don’t care. But they’re massively outnumbered by the people who do.

Andy Weir, The Martian

*******

This is a book about fear and agency, about catastrophe and solidarity, about collapse and movement.

Like the first book in this series – How I Learned to Love the Future Again , aka The Little Pink Book – it is first and foremost a story about an emotional process, in this case: how I learn to cope with my fear in a collapsing world, how I try to find my way back to agency amidst this fear. It is a book about who I want to be in a future defined by fascism, by ecological and social collapse.

Instead of “learn,” I initially wanted to write “learned to deal with my anxiety,” implying a completed process, but that would honestly be nonsense. I’m still dealing with my anxieties every day, and sometimes these anxieties are so intense and loud that on those days I’m plagued by the now very, very rarely fulfilled desire to completely lose myself in Berlin’s party scene for a few days, just to escape feeling any of it.

I cannot describe here a way to deal once and for all with the anxieties triggered by the collapse of the future, because of course the process of the steady and sometimes catastrophically fractured deterioration of ecological and social conditions is frightening—how could it be otherwise? What I will describe, however, is the path I have taken in recent years, the path I have been taking since at least 2025, together with an emerging “collapse movement”: a path that leads through fear and the acceptance of the collapsing reality toward a new kind of… well, perhaps not “hope,” but rather agency, community, and meaning. This path is never complete, but this book is about movement, and movement is always a work in progress .

Activism instead of powerlessness

Precisely because this book deals with fear, and my attempts to deal with fear, it is also a book about social movements: about a movement that so far can only be seen in shadowy outlines: the “movement for a juster collapse”, in English just collapse movement, or in German in short: the collapse movement.

Why do fear and movement belong together? Because after almost 30 years of “activism,” as movement practice is often simplistically described, it has become clear to me that “movement” is my way of dealing with fear. My way of experiencing self-efficacy, agency, and empowerment in the face of gigantic problems of world-historical proportions . And as every victim of abuse, every victim of physical violence from partners, police officers, or neo-Nazi thugs knows: at the core of violent trauma lies the experience of powerlessness and inability to act.

What frightens us is not so much the pain or the anticipation of pain; it is the absolute powerlessness in the moment of experiencing violence. If trauma is the absolutization of fear, then agency is its antidote. And at least for the kind of agency I strive for in my political practice—shared, solidarity-based agency that can be experienced directly, almost physically, whether in an anti-Nazi or open-cast mine blockade, a summit protest, or a militantly hedonistic Pride march—social activism is the key.

Of course, I can also try to be self-efficacious through work in political parties, or in “civil society” (however vaguely it may be defined), or in associations, or in informal neighborhood networks, but it is “activism” and “movement” with their immediacy, with their collectivity, and not least with their… with our desperate David-versus-Goliath struggles, that produce this kick almost unique in political work: the moment of action, of street fighting, of the surprisingly gigantic demonstration can lead to a kind of collective transcendence of one’s own experience of powerlessness, and convey a unique feeling, incomparable to anything else, however illusory it may be, of agency in world history.

The Battle of Seattle

Okay, the idea of ​​being able to act in world history sounds a bit far-fetched, but I mean it quite literally, with all the pathos and implicit hubris. Not only do I believe that everything true, beautiful, and good in the world originally stems from social movements—without the labor movement, there would be no welfare state in Germany as it still is, no universal suffrage, without the women’s movement no (unfortunately increasingly contested) right to abortion and bodily autonomy, without the queer movement, my husband and I would have far fewer rights, both on paper and in public—I have personally witnessed how social movements have repeatedly managed to push the boundaries of what is possible, not just on a small, concrete scale, but on the grandest stage.

Think back to the 1990s, or, if you’re younger than me, a Gen Xer, imagine the 1990s. During the 1980s, neoliberal capitalism had defeated and/or “co-opted” its three major adversaries, integrating them into its hegemonic project: the organized workers of the Global North, the states of the Global South, and finally, the big bad wolf of the not-quite-capitalist Eastern Bloc. The conservative American intellectual Francis Fukuyama had proclaimed “the end of history,” meaning that world history had essentially reached its end with the attainment of globalized neoliberal-democratic capitalism, the highest stage of human and historical rationality: from here on out, only the same, forever and ever; the then US President Bush Sr. spoke of the “new world order,” referring to the neoliberal American hegemony, the essence of which the entire world was now supposed to invariably recover from. Thatcher’s infamous dictum that there was “no alternative” to ever more liberalized capitalism was essentially the motto of the “world community” of the 1990s.

On an everyday political level, all this meant that for left-wing, environmental, or otherwise not completely succumbing to some kind of weird Stockholm syndrome-induced capitalism, any discussion about social progress or preventing social regression in the 1990s was blocked with the argument that it was all impossible because of globalization: more money for “social” or healthcare, stricter environmental regulations, or securing supply chains against Manchester capitalist shenanigans? “We’d love to, but you know: globalization, we can’t do anything about it – if we raise taxes/tighten environmental regulations/ban child labor, then the companies will go somewhere else, then everyone here will be unemployed and poor: is that what you leftists want?”

In everyday pop culture, the general left-wing ecological experience of the 1990s in the Global North was expressed in cult albums (albums being playlists printed on both sides of round vinyl records) like “Nevermind” or “Rage Against the Machine”: ” Fuck you, I won’t do what you tell me. FUCK YOU, I WON’T DO WHAT YOU TELL ME! ” The dominant feelings were alienation from a world in which resistance had indeed become futile, as the Borg had repeatedly threatened, and fear of a future in which capitalism would increasingly subjugate the world: back then, it wasn’t global ecological collapse that frightened the left-wingers in the wealthy world, it was the prospect of a world without any difference, a world in which nothing that couldn’t be expressed in monetary terms could have any value. Not “The End of the World,” but “the end of all other worlds.” Universal subjugation to the rule of capital, with the prospect of eventually ending up in a dystopian matrix (1999) in which we humans are degraded to mere batteries for capital accumulation.

But while the world hypnotized itself with the story of the end of history, a social movement was growing on its margins, in the interstices of capitalism, a movement that would challenge capital’s supposedly all-encompassing control over the world; that would challenge neoliberalism and, as the slogan would later go , make other worlds possible. Starting with the indigenous Zapatista rebellion of the EZLN in southern Mexico, in the Lacandon jungle of Chiapas, which on the day the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) came into effect proclaimed a postmodern global revolt against the unifying power of capital, this movement continued in the global “encounters” where a still embryonic “anti-globalization movement” (many of us at the time preferred the term ” mouvement altermondialiste ,” movement for a different globalization: a globalization of solidarity, not of capital) began to get to know each other and plan joint actions; from massive strikes in the public sector of France and South Korea; to our first surprise success when, in 1998, a still loose and nameless coalition of NGOs and grassroots left-wing groups brought down the planned MAI investment protection agreement ; to the legendary protests against the opening summit of the World Trade Organization on November 30, 1999 in Seattle.

On this day, when the most powerful country in human history at that time wanted to throw a huge party to celebrate the subjugation of ever more worlds to the logic of capital, a motley crew of unlikely allies—environmentalists and trade unionists, queer anarchists and Catholic nuns—brought the city to a standstill, prevented the summit from opening, forced the state governor to declare a civil emergency and send the National Guard into the streets against us, and instead of celebrating a grand neoliberal summit, the city descended into tear gas and the smoke of burning trash cans and other barricades as evening fell. When the political fog lifted a few days later, the world had changed: where resistance had previously seemed futile, other worlds had suddenly become possible, and the neoliberal project faced a new adversary: ​​a collective “no” to the one world of capital, and many collective “yeses” to many different possible worlds. One No. Many Yeses.

After the street fight

Of course, the anti-globalization movement ultimately failed to defeat global neoliberalism; in fact, our heroic heyday lasted less than two years. While a cycle of global confrontations did develop from Seattle, in which we drove the powerful from the city centers of global hubs to the mountain peaks and deserts of the periphery, the response was swift and fierce as early as the summer of 2001, as seen in Gothenburg (EU summit, June 2001) and Genoa (G8 summit, August 2001). The global apparatus of repression closed ranks. And then, when 9/11, September 11, 2001, completely reorganized the world, our movement disappeared from newspaper front pages, from the streets of major cities, and soon from the stage of world history altogether.

But what didn’t disappear was the feeling, the memory, that had been seared into the bodies of all those who, in a gigantic, world-historical feat, managed to end history on the streets of Seattle, to make other worlds possible: after I couldn’t even grasp in 1998 that a few NGOs and a handful of global activists had been able to prevent MAI, “Seattle” (the event, not the city) replaced in me the fear of the eternal, unavoidable, unalterable victory of capital over everything true, beautiful, and good in the world with a feeling of almost limitless agency. A capacity for action that I could never have experienced alone, that would have been impossible to experience even in a party meeting: fear was replaced by, driven away by, an experience of collective power that would not have been possible without the shared gathering in the streets and the literally epic conflict between evil (riot police in uniforms and with all sorts of “non-lethal” weapons) and good (a great many different people, young, old, queer, straight, normie, leftist…). My first real experience of activism was therefore one in which, after years of feeling powerless, I suddenly experienced collective agency, and this within the context of an event that was heard and seen all over the world, that resonated throughout the world.

That’s why , for me, fear, agency, and ultimately movement are all interconnected: the first two concepts are opposites, while the last two belong together. Agency absorbs fear, and movement creates collective agency. It’s actually quite simple.